Education and work

Data period

• 30 June 2021 for the following region types: Indigenous Region (IREG), States and Territories, Australia.


• Census night (10 August) 2021 for the following region types: Indigenous Locations (ILOC), Indigenous Areas (IARE), Statistical Areas Level 2 (SA2), Statistical Areas Level 3 (SA3), Statistical Areas Level 4 (SA4), Local Government Areas (LGA).

Data source

• Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Estimated Resident Population (ERP) data (2021 Census-based) for the following region types:IREG, States and Territories and Australia.


• ABS 2021 Census of Population and Housing (ABS 2022) for the following region types: ILOC, IARE, SA2, SA3, SA4, LGA.

Region types reported

• Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) 2021 Main Structure regions: LGA, SA2, SA3, SA4, States and Territories, Australia.


• ASGS 2021 Indigenous structure regions: ILOC, IARE, IREG.

Suppression rules

NIL

Notes

• Data have been randomly adjusted by the ABS to protect confidentiality. No reliance should be placed on small numbers.


• The extent of undercoverage of First Nations people in the 2021 Census, together with the relatively small sample size of the Post Enumeration Survey to adjust for that undercoverage, means the estimates (ERPs) should be interpreted with a degree of caution.

Reference material

ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) (2022) Census of Population and Housing [TableBuilder], ABS website, accessed 12 May 2023.

ABS (2023) Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, June 2021, ABS website, accessed 25 September 2023.

Description

• Highest year of school completed by First Nations people aged 20 and over, with level of completion presented as a proportion of all those in the age group.


• Highest year of school completed by non-Indigenous Australians aged 20 and over, with level of completion presented as a proportion of all those in the age group.

Level of school completion: year 12 or equivalent, year 11 or equivalent, year 10 or equivalent, year 9 or below.

Data period

Census night (10 August) 2021

Data source

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Census of Population and Housing 2021 (ABS 2022)

Region types reported

• Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) 2021 Main Structure regions: Local Government Areas (LGA), Statistical Areas Level 2 (SA2), Statistical Areas Level 3 (SA3), Statistical Areas Level 4 (SA4), States and Territories, Australia.


• ASGS 2021 Indigenous structure regions: Indigenous Locations (ILOC), Indigenous Areas (IARE), Indigenous Regions (IREG).

Suppression rules

• Data have been suppressed if the denominator for the percentage was less than 100, due to concerns about the reliability of percentages based on small denominators.


• Data have been suppressed if responses to the relevant data item(s) were not stated or adequately described for 50% or more of the relevant population, due to relatively high exposure to potential bias.


• Data have been flagged as interpret with caution if responses to the relevant data item(s) were not stated or adequately described for 25-<50% of the relevant population, due to relatively high exposure to potential bias.

Notes

• Denominator for the percentages excludes people for whom information on highest year of school completed was not stated.


• Data have been randomly adjusted by the ABS to protect confidentiality. No reliance should be placed on small numbers.

Reference material

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) (2016) Census of Population and Housing: Census Dictionary. Canberra: ABS.

ABS (2022) Census of Population and Housing [TableBuilder], ABS website, accessed 12 May 2023.

Description

• Highest non-school qualification completed by First Nations people aged 20 and over, with level of completion presented as a proportion of all those in the age group.


• Highest non-school qualification completed by non-Indigenous Australians aged 20 and over, with level of completion presented as a proportion of all those in the age group.

Level of non-school qualification: bachelor degree or above, advanced diploma or diploma, certificate-level.

Data period

Census night (10 August) 2021

Data source

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Census of Population and Housing 2021 (ABS 2022)

Region types reported

• Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) 2016 Main Structure regions: Local Government Areas (LGA), Statistical Areas Level 2 (SA2), Statistical Areas Level 3 (SA3), Statistical Areas level 4 (SA4), States and Territories, Australia


• ASGS 2016 Indigenous structure regions: Indigenous Locations (ILOC), Indigenous Areas (IARE), Indigenous Regions (IREG).

Suppression rules

• Data have been suppressed if the denominator for the percentage was less than 100, due to concerns about the reliability of percentages based on small denominators.


• Data have been suppressed if responses to the relevant data item(s) were not stated or adequately described for 50% or more of the relevant population, due to relatively high exposure to potential bias.


• Data have been flagged as interpret with caution if responses to the relevant data item(s) were not stated or adequately described for 25-<50% of the relevant population, due to relatively high exposure to potential bias.

Notes

Denominator for the percentages excludes people whose level of non-school qualification was not stated.Data have been randomly adjusted by the ABS to protect confidentiality. No reliance should be placed on small numbers.

Reference material

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) (2016) Census of Population and Housing: Census Dictionary. Canberra: ABS.

ABS (2022) Census of Population and Housing [TableBuilder], ABS website, accessed 12 May 2023.

Description

• Proportion of First Nations people aged 20 and over that had completed Year 12 or above, including non-school qualifications from Certificate III & IV Level and above.


• Proportion of non-Indigenous Australians aged 20 and over that had completed Year 12 or above, including non-school qualifications from Certificate III & IV Level and above.

Data period

Census night (10 August) 2021

Data source

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Census of Population and Housing 2021 (ABS 2022)

Region types reported

• Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) 2021 Main Structure regions: Local Government Areas (LGA), Statistical Areas Level 2 (SA2), Statistical Areas Level 3 (SA3), Statistical Areas level 4 (SA4), States and Territories, Australia.


• ASGS 2021 Indigenous structure regions: Indigenous Locations (ILOC), Indigenous Areas (IARE), Indigenous Regions (IREG).

Suppression rules

• Data have been suppressed if the denominator for the percentage was less than 100, due to concerns about the reliability of percentages based on small denominators.


• Data have been suppressed if responses to the relevant data item(s) were not stated or adequately described for 50% or more of the relevant population, due to relatively high exposure to potential bias.


• Data have been flagged as interpret with caution if responses to the relevant data item(s) were not stated or adequately described for 25-<50% of the relevant population, due to relatively high exposure to potential bias.

Notes

• Denominator for the percentages excludes people whose level of non-school qualification was not stated or inadequately described. Denominator for the percentages also excludes certain people for whom information on highest year of school completed was not stated—those whose highest level of non-school qualification was Certificate I, II or not further defined.


• Note that the derivation of this measure differs slightly from that used to measure Year 12 completion (or equivalent) for the National Agreement on Closing the Gap.


• Data have been randomly adjusted by the ABS to protect confidentiality. No reliance should be placed on small numbers.

Reference material

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) (2016) Census of Population and Housing: Census Dictionary. Canberra: ABS.

ABS (2022) Census of Population and Housing [TableBuilder], ABS website, accessed 12 May 2023.

Description

• Number and proportion of First Nations youth (aged 15–24) engaged in employment, education and training.


• Number and proportion of non-Indigenous youth (aged 15–24) engaged in employment, education and training.

Engagement status: fully engaged, partially engaged, at least partially engaged, not engaged.

Data period

Census night (10 August) 2021

Data source

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Census of Population and Housing 2021 (ABS 2022)

Region types reported

• Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) 2016 Main Structure regions: Local Government Areas (LGA), Statistical Areas Level 2 (SA2), Statistical Areas Level 3 (SA3), Statistical Areas level 4 (SA4), States and Territories, Australia


• ASGS 2016 Indigenous structure regions: Indigenous Locations (ILOC), Indigenous Areas (IARE), Indigenous Regions (IREG)

Suppression rules

• Data have been suppressed if the denominator for the percentage was less than 100, due to concerns about the reliability of percentages based on small denominators.


• Data have been suppressed if responses to the relevant data item(s) were not stated or adequately described for 50% or more of the relevant population, due to relatively high exposure to potential bias.


• Data have been flagged as interpret with caution if responses to the relevant data item(s) were not stated or adequately described for 25-<50% of the relevant population, due to relatively high exposure to potential bias.

Notes

• Denominator for the percentages excludes people whose engagement statust in employment, education and training was not stated.

Reference material

ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) (2022) Census of Population and Housing [TableBuilder], ABS website, accessed 12 May 2023.

Description

• Proportion of First Nations people aged 15–64 who were in the labour force.


• Proportion of non-Indigenous Australians aged 15–64 who were in the labour force.

Data period

• 30 June 2021 for the following region types: Indigenous Region (IREG), States and Territories, Australia.


• Census night (10 August) 2021 for the following region types: Indigenous Locations (ILOC), Indigenous Areas (IARE), Statistical Areas Level 2 (SA2), Statistical Areas Level 3 (SA3), Statistical Areas Level 4 (SA4), Local Government Areas (LGA).

Data source

• Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Estimated Resident Population (ERP) data (2021 Census-based) for the following region types:IREG, States and Territories and Australia.


• ABS 2021 Census of Population and Housing (ABS 2022) for the following region types: ILOC, IARE, SA2, SA3, SA4, LGA.

Region types reported

• Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) 2021 Main Structure regions: LGA, SA2, SA3, SA4, States and Territories, Australia.


• ASGS 2021 Indigenous structure regions: ILOC, IARE, IREG.

Suppression rules

• Data have been suppressed if the denominator for the percentage was less than 100, due to concerns about the reliability of percentages based on small denominators.


• Data have been suppressed if responses to the relevant data item(s) were not stated or adequately described for 50% or more of the relevant population, due to relatively high exposure to potential bias.


• Data have been flagged as interpret with caution if responses to the relevant data item(s) were not stated or adequately described for 25-<50% of the relevant population, due to relatively high exposure to potential bias.

Notes

• The labour force is made up of all people who are employed or unemployed (actively looking for work) (ABS 2018).


• Denominator for the percentages excludes people aged 15–64 whose labour force status was not stated.


• Data have been randomly adjusted by the ABS to protect confidentiality. No reliance should be placed on small numbers.


• The extent of undercoverage of First Nations people in the 2021 Census, together with the relatively small sample size of the Post Enumeration Survey to adjust for that undercoverage, means the estimates (ERPs) should be interpreted with a degree of caution.

Reference material

ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) (2018) Labour Statistics: Concepts, Sources and Methods, Feb 2018, ABS website, accessed 13 May 2020.

ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) (2022) Census of Population and Housing [TableBuilder], ABS website, accessed 12 May 2023.

Description

• Proportion of First Nations people aged 15–64 who were in the labour force by sex.


• Proportion of non-Indigenous Australians aged 15–64 who were in the labour force by sex.

Sex categories: females, males, persons.

Data period

Census night (10 August) 2021

Data sources

ABS 2021 Census of Population and Housing (ABS 2022)

Region types reported

• Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) 2021 Main Structure regions: Local Government Areas (LGA), Statistical Areas Level 2 (SA2), Statistical Areas Level 3 (SA3), States and Territories, Australia.


• ASGS 2021 Indigenous structure regions: Indigenous Locations (ILOC), Indigenous Areas (IARE), Indigenous Regions (IREG).

Suppression rules

• Data have been suppressed if the denominator for the percentage was less than 100, due to concerns about the reliability of percentages based on small denominators.


• Data have been suppressed if responses to the relevant data item(s) were not stated or adequately described for 50% or more of the relevant population, due to relatively high exposure to potential bias.


• Data have been flagged as interpret with caution if responses to the relevant data item(s) were not stated or adequately described for 25-<50% of the relevant population, due to relatively high exposure to potential bias.

Notes

• The labour force is made up of all people who are employed or unemployed (actively looking for work) (ABS 2018).


• Denominator for the percentages excludes people aged 15–64 whose labour force status was not stated.


• Data have been randomly adjusted by the ABS to protect confidentiality. No reliance should be placed on small numbers.


• The extent of undercoverage of First Nations people in the 2016 Census, together with the relatively small sample size of the Post Enumeration Survey to adjust for that undercoverage, means the estimates (ERPs) should be interpreted with a degree of caution.

Reference material

ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) (2018) Labour Statistics: Concepts, Sources and Methods, Feb 2018, ABS website, accessed 13 May 2020.

ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) (2022) Census of Population and Housing [TableBuilder], ABS website, accessed 12 May 2023.

Description

Proportion of First Nations people aged 15–64 in the labour force by age

Age groups: 15–24, 25–34, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64.

Data period

Census night (10 August) 2021

Data source

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Census of Population and Housing 2021 (ABS 2022)

Region types reported

• Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) 2021 Main Structure regions: Local Government Areas (LGA), Statistical Areas Level 2 (SA2), Statistical Areas Level 3 (SA3), Statistical Areas Level 4 (SA4), States and Territories, Australia.


• ASGS 2021 Indigenous structure regions: Indigenous Locations (ILOC), Indigenous Areas (IARE), Indigenous Regions (IREG).

Suppression rules

• Data have been suppressed if the denominator for the percentage was less than 100, due to concerns about the reliability of percentages based on small denominators.


• Data have been suppressed if responses to the relevant data item(s) were not stated or adequately described for 50% or more of the relevant population, due to relatively high exposure to potential bias.


• Data have been flagged as interpret with caution if responses to the relevant data item(s) were not stated or adequately described for 25-<50% of the relevant population, due to relatively high exposure to potential bias.

Notes

• The labour force is made up of all people who are employed or unemployed (actively looking for work) (ABS 2018).


• Denominator for the percentages excludes people whose labour force status was not stated.


• Data have been randomly adjusted by the ABS to protect confidentiality. No reliance should be placed on small numbers.

Reference material

ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) (2018) Labour Statistics: Concepts, Sources and Methods, Feb 2018, ABS website, accessed 13 May 2020.

ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) (2022) Census of Population and Housing [TableBuilder], ABS website, accessed 12 May 2023.

Description

• The unemployment rate among First Nations people aged 15 and over who were in labour force.


• The unemployment rate among non-Indigenous Australians aged 15 and over who were in labour force.

Data period

Census night (10 August) 2021

Data source

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Census of Population and Housing 2021 (ABS 2022)

Region types reported

• Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) 2021 Main Structure regions: Local Government Areas (LGA), Statistical Areas Level 2 (SA2), Statistical Areas Level 3 (SA3), Statistical Areas Level 4 (SA4), States and Territories, Australia


• ASGS 2021 Indigenous structure regions: Indigenous Locations (ILOC), Indigenous Areas (IARE), Indigenous Regions (IREG).

Suppression rules

• Data have been suppressed if the denominator for the percentage was less than 100, due to concerns about the reliability of percentages based on small denominators.


• Data have been suppressed if responses to the relevant data item(s) were not stated or adequately described for 50% or more of the relevant population, due to relatively high exposure to potential bias.


• Data have been flagged as interpret with caution if responses to the relevant data item(s) were not stated or adequately described for 25-<50% of the relevant population, due to relatively high exposure to potential bias.

Notes

• The labour force is made up of all people who are employed or unemployed (actively looking for work) (ABS 2018).


• Denominator for the percentages excludes people whose labour force status was not stated.


• Data have been randomly adjusted by the ABS to protect confidentiality. No reliance should be placed on small numbers.

Reference material

ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) (2018) Labour Statistics: Concepts, Sources and Methods, Feb 2018, ABS website, accessed 13 May 2020.

ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) (2022) Census of Population and Housing [TableBuilder], ABS website, accessed 12 May 2023.

Description

Proportion of First Nations people aged 15 and over who were employed by type of occupation.

Type of occupation categories: managers, professionals, technicians/trade, community/personal service, clerical/admin, sales, machinery operators/drivers, labourers.

Data period

Census night (10 August) 2021

Data source

ABS 2021 Census of Population and Housing (ABS 2022)

Region types reported

• Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) 2021 Main Structure regions: Local Government Areas (LGA), Statistical Areas Level 2 (SA2), Statistical Areas Level 3 (SA3), Statistical Areas Level 4 (SA4), States and Territories, Australia.


• ASGS 2021 Indigenous structure regions: Indigenous Locations (ILOC) Indigenous Areas (IARE), Indigenous Regions (IREG).

Suppression rules

• Data have been suppressed if the denominator for the percentage was less than 100, due to concerns about the reliability of percentages based on small denominators.


• Data have been suppressed if responses to the relevant data item(s) were not stated or adequately described for 50% or more of the relevant population, due to relatively high exposure to potential bias.


• Data have been flagged as interpret with caution if responses to the relevant data item(s) were not stated or adequately described for 25-<50% of the relevant population, due to relatively high exposure to potential bias.

Notes

Denominator for the percentages excludes First Nations people aged less than 15 year old and those aged 15 and over whose information on occupation category was not stated or adequately described.

Reference material

ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) (2022) Census of Population and Housing [TableBuilder], ABS website, accessed 12 May 2023.

Description

• Proportion of First Nations people aged 15 and over whose personal weekly income falls in the specified weekly income category.


• Proportion of non-Indigenous Australians aged 15 and over whose personal weekly income falls in the specified weekly income category.

Weekly income categories: Nil or negative, $1–$299, $300–$499, $500–$799, $800+.

Data period

Census night (10 August) 2021

Data source

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Census of Population and Housing 2021 (ABS 2022)

Region types reported

• Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) 2021 Main Structure regions: Local Government Areas (LGA), Statistical Areas Level 2 (SA2), Statistical Areas Level 3 (SA3), Statistical Areas Level 4 (SA4), States and Territories, Australia


• ASGS 2021 Indigenous structure regions: Indigenous Locations (ILOC), Indigenous Areas (IARE), Indigenous Regions (IREG).

Suppression rules

• Data have been suppressed if the denominator for the percentage was less than 100, due to concerns about the reliability of percentages based on small denominators.


• Data have been suppressed if responses to the relevant data item(s) were not stated or adequately described for 50% or more of the relevant population, due to relatively high exposure to potential bias.


• Data have been flagged as interpret with caution if responses to the relevant data item(s) were not stated or adequately described for 25-<50% of the relevant population, due to relatively high exposure to potential bias.

Notes

• Denominator for the percentages excludes people whose information on personal income was not stated.


• Data have been randomly adjusted by the ABS to protect confidentiality. No reliance should be placed on small numbers.

Reference material

ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) (2022) Census of Population and Housing [TableBuilder], ABS website, accessed 12 May 2023.

Description

Median personal weekly income for First Nations people aged 15 years and over.

Data period

Census night (10 August) 2021

Data source

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Census of Population and Housing 2021 (ABS 2022a)

Region types reported

• Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) 2016 Main Structure regions: Local Government Areas (LGA), Statistical Areas Level 2 (SA2), Statistical Areas Level 3 (SA3), Statistical Areas level 4 (SA4), States and Territories, Australia.


• ASGS 2016 Indigenous structure regions: Indigenous Locations (ILOC), Indigenous Areas (IARE), Indigenous Regions (IREG).

Suppression rules

NIL

Notes

All persons who interacted with the Australian taxation system for the 2015-16 and 2019-20 and for whom personal income is identified. This includes persons who have lodged Individual Tax Returns (ITR) within 16 months of the end of the financial year or who received Pay As You Go (PAYG) payment summaries from an employer in that year (ABS 2022b).

Reference material

ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) (2022a) Census of Population and Housing [Census DataPacks], ABS website, accessed 19 May 2023.

ABS (2022b) Personal Income in Australia methodology, ABS website, accessed 12 November 2023.